Earth's interior is way more complicated than you probably thought -- turns out it has molten metal and hidden oceans, and parts of it are hotter than the surface of the sun.
Check out the video above and/or read the transcript below. And leave your thoughts in the comments. Talk nerdy to me!
JACQUELINE HOWARD: Hey everyone. Jacqueline Howard here. Ever wonder what it’s like inside our planet? Come with me on a subterranean tour all the way from the rocky crust where we live through the layer known as the mantle to the wild half-solid/half-liquid core of the Earth. We’ll also be stopping by a newly discovered underground ocean. Let’s go!
First stop, Earth’s crust--the solid outer layer where we live. The crust is made up of
several elements, from iron to silicon to magnesium to sulfur, and its thickness ranges. The continental crust--the stuff found under land--can be
up to around 50 miles thick; while the oceanic crust--the stuff under our oceans--is
around four miles thick. But let’s see what lies below that.
Now we’re about 50 miles below the surface, at
the uppermost region of the mantle. This layer is made up of rock that’s rich in oxygen, silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum and it extends from here all the way down to
around 1,800 miles below the surface.
The mantle is also where
molten rock known as magma can form before it flows
upward during volcanic eruptions--at which point the magma becomes lava. This was pretty much the picture scientists had of the mantle until earlier this year--when a
vast hidden ocean of water was discovered some 400 miles beneath North America. It goes to show that the rocks down here have a pretty impressive capacity to store water. Now let’s travel a little deeper. You ready?
Here we are, 1,800 miles down, at the Earth’s outer core, which runs all the way
down to around 3,000 miles. This is a layer of molten iron that surrounds Earth’s inner core. And it’s really, really hot down here. In fact, it’s
between 7,200 and 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit. But if you think that’s scorching, wait until we reach the center of the Earth…
And, we made it, to around 3,000 miles down--the uppermost part of the Earth’s inner core. Like the outer core, it’s made of mostly iron but the
pressure down here is so intense the stuff is solid--and it’s almost incomprehensibly hot. It’s about
11,000 degrees Fahrenheit down here--hotter than
the surface of the sun! Now the actual
center of the earth is about 4,000 miles down--but I’m starting to sweat so let’s skip that and head back to the surface...
Phew, back on the surface! If my virtual tour of the Earth’s interior had been a real one, it would have been a first. We all know that no one has ventured beyond Earth’s crust. But how do we know what’s down there? Scientists use
waves of energy, called seismic waves, emitted by earthquakes to measure what type of material is inside Earth and where that material lies. See, as
seismic waves travel through our planet, the rate in which they’re traveling -- whether they’re moving fast or slow -- reveals
what exactly they’re traveling through, whether that material’s solid, liquid, or something else. Now you know.
Leave your thoughts on what’s lurking inside Earth in the comments. C’mon, talk nerdy to me!
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